Trevor Milton, the billionaire founder and former chief executive of Nikola, has been criminally charged with defrauding investors by lying to them about the electric- and hydrogen-powered truck maker.
Milton, 39, pleaded not guilty at a hearing in Manhattan federal court to two counts of securities fraud and one count of wire fraud over statements he made from November 2019 to September 2020 about Nikola's products and technology.
Authorities said Milton relied on a public relations blitz of social media posts as well as TV and podcast interviews to drive up Nikola's stock price, become one of the world's 100 richest people and "elevate" his stature as an entrepreneur.
"Milton lied about nearly every aspect of the business," US Attorney Audrey Strauss in Manhattan said at a news conference. "Today's criminal charges against Milton are where the rubber meets the road."
A judge allowed Milton to go free on $100 million bond, partially secured by two homes that the Oakley, Utah, resident owns.
Each criminal count carries a maximum prison term of 20 or 25 years. The US Securities and Exchange Commission filed related civil charges.
"Trevor is innocent," Milton's lawyer Marc Mukasey said in an email. "There was no fraud. We're ready to fight this case at trial."
Nikola was not charged. It said in a statement it cooperated with the government and is focused on delivering Tre battery-electric trucks this year.
In afternoon trading, Nikola shares were down US$1.43, or 10.1 percent, to US$12.76, after falling as low as US$12.60.
WARY OF SHORT-SELLERS
The charges mark a steep downfall for Milton, who founded Phoenix-based Nikola in 2014 and was its CEO until June 2020, when it went public after merging with a special-purpose acquisition company, or SPAC.
Milton stepped down as Nikola's executive chairman last September, two weeks after short-seller Hindenburg Research labeled the company a "fraud" and said it made many misleading statements about its technology.
Prosecutors said Milton's improper statements included that Nikola had built an electric- and hydrogen-powered "Badger" pickup from the "ground up," developed batteries in-house that he knew it was purchasing elsewhere, and had early success in creating a "Nikola One" semi-truck he knew did not work.
Strauss said the closest the Nikola One ever came to driving was when company engineers rolled a prototype down a hill so it could be filmed for a commercial.
The indictment said Milton also became preoccupied with keeping Nikola's stock price high.
It said that on March 2, 2020, the day before Nikola revealed it would go public, Milton emailed a board member that "(we) need to make sure we are getting retail investors on our side. That is what prevents the stock short selling. This is super important to me."
The SEC said Milton targeted ordinary investors he called "Robinhood investors," portraying himself as a "different" type of CEO who would be forthright about his trailblazing company.
"Corporate officers cannot say whatever they want on social media without regard for the federal securities laws," SEC enforcement chief Gurbir Grewal said at the news conference.
Prosecutors said Milton's Nikola stake was worth at least US$8.5 billion soon after the announcements regarding the Badger.
Although Nikola's share price has fallen more than 85 percent from its June 2020 peak, Milton is still worth US$1.2 billion, Forbes magazine said.
Tesla is among Nikola's rivals in the electric truck sector.
Both companies' names derive from Nikola Tesla, an inventor whose work included electric power, and Tesla CEO Elon Musk is now among the world's richest people.
In 2018, Musk and Tesla each agreed to pay US$20 million in civil fines to settle SEC charges over a Musk tweet.
ACCOUNTABILITY
Nikola initially denied Hindenburg's accusations, but in February said a review by an outside law firm uncovered statements by Milton and the company that were partially or completely wrong.
"We commend regulators for acting expediently to protect investors and hold Milton accountable for his egregious lies," Hindenburg founder Nathan Anderson said in a statement.
Hindenburg issued its report two days after General Motors agreed to supply batteries, chassis architecture, fuel cell systems and a factory for the Badger pickup, in exchange for an 11 percent Nikola stake and US$700 million.
The companies reworked that relationship last November, eliminating the equity stake and plans to build the truck.
Stephen Girsky, a former GM vice chairman who ran the SPAC that merged with Nikola, replaced Milton as Nikola's chairman.
SPACs are a faster way than initial public offerings to take private companies public.
But critics say the process is prone to conflicts of interest and shoddy due diligence, and U.S. authorities have stepped up their scrutiny of SPACs.
Prosecutors and the SEC are also investigating electric pickup truck maker Lordstown Motors, which went public last October, about the terms of its SPAC and its statements about vehicle pre-orders.
REUTERS
